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۞ وَمَا كَانَ ٱلۡمُؤۡمِنُونَ لِيَنفِرُواْ ڪَآفَّةً۬ۚ فَلَوۡلَا نَفَرَ مِن كُلِّ فِرۡقَةٍ۬ مِّنۡہُمۡ طَآٮِٕفَةٌ۬ لِّيَتَفَقَّهُواْ فِى ٱلدِّينِ وَلِيُنذِرُواْ قَوۡمَهُمۡ إِذَا رَجَعُوٓاْ إِلَيۡہِمۡ لَعَلَّهُمۡ يَحۡذَرُونَ (١٢٢
And the believers should not all go out to fight. Of every troop of them, a party only should go forth, that they (who are left behind) may gain sound knowledge in religion, and that they may warn their folk when they return to them, so that they may beware. (122)
TAFSEER BY DR FARHAT HASHMI (Translated)
It is not essential that all Muslims should leave for battle (when jihad is announced) All jihads/battles are not fard e aeyn. (Duty of every individual)
After the battle of Tabook the sahaba became very sensitized to the call for Jihad and would leave for the battle immediately without hesitation.
Here Allah SWT divides the participation of jihad into two sections: One group is those who go out to fight and the second group is those who stay back or go away to learn to fight ignorance with ilm of Deen.
Surah Tawbah is one of the later surahs thus the role of the muslims is being
consolidated as follows:
1. Jihad for battle to fight the oppressors and free the opressed
2. Jihad to battle ignorance with education of the ilm of Deen.
This is based on the conditions present.
There are citations in the Quran where the hypocrites and others are cited as being ignorant, thus here Allah SWT gives the solution for the cure of their ignorance
Here Allah SWT guides us how to give education in an organized manner. There should be centers of education where groups would come from different towns, learn the understanding and essence and spirit of the Deen and then go back to their towns and teach their people keeping the the psyche and culture of their townspeople to evaluate and finesse their teaching techniques.
The purpose of the education is to understand the Deen in its full essence and then go back and warn their own people as well as give them the message of the commands of Allah using the methods that are best for teaching keeping in view the psychological temperament of their own people (the students).
30.000 people went for Jihad to fight at Tabuk. Here all the people were sent back to their own towns and villages and then were asked to send a group who would come to Medina and learn the understanding and essence of Deen and go back and teach their people
Tafakkur: to learn and develop fahm and Baseerat within one self. The idea is not to become a faqih (jurist) or Mufti. (Scholar)
Three steps and words are explained in this tafseer:
1. Tafakkur to develop an understanding, reflect and in one own self sense of doing things
2. Unziru: To warn and to inform the people
3. Evaluate results of the efforts: Are people learning, what effect is ones effort having on people. are they keeping away from disobediences of Allah, How effective is the tabligh on people on their ability to avoid disobediences.
Sunnah
The total time in Medina for RasoolAllah was ten years. No sahaba studied non-stop for ten years.
Ahl Suffa some people stayed few months, some few days, some few weeks and then went back to their towns and taught them how to practice the spirit of Deen.
Maaruf ul Quran:
Hadith (Hazrart Anas RA) To learn Ilm of Deen is a fard on every Muslim man and woman.
Ilm e Deen is a combination of many types of Ilm Every Muslim man and woman is not able to learn every aspect of Ilm Deen.
FARD E AEYN (Obligatory on every individual, man or woman)
The part if ilm of Deen that is fard (obligatory) on each individual woman and man is that portion of ilm without which:
1. One is unable to fulfill one s obligations of emaan and islam
2. One is unable to avoid the haraam aspects required by emaan and islam
Every individual does not have to be an expert on:
1. All the details of jurisprudence of the derived laws of the Quran and Sunnah
2. However there should be at least one individual expert in each town that can be consulted for details. If there is none currently than one should get at least one expert in each town
FARD E AEYN (Obligation of each individual)
Here are the ilms of Deen that are mandatory for each individual Muslim, man and woman:
1. Aqeedah of islam
2. Understanding of Taharah, Najasah, Namaaz Roza and fard and wajab ibadah in shariah
3. Learn the rules of those things that are haraam and makrooh
4. Those who have maal (property, money etc) should learn about the rules of Zakah
5. Those who are capable of Hajj, they need to learn the rules of Hajj
6. Those who have businesses, they must learn the rules of trade and remuneration of labor etc
7. If one does Nikkah one must learn about the rules of Nikkah and Divorce
In Summary: What ever the Shariah has made mandatory on each person in their acts of daily living and dealing with others then each person is obligated to learn the rules of Deen e Islam regarding whatever in life impacts him or her.
FARD E KIFAYA (Group Obligation, at least one person in the community should be fulfilling it)
There should be at least one expert in the collective Uloom e Deen or the many different aspects of Deen who can be consulted by the community. If there is no such person then it is an obligation of the community to get such a person or train such a person to be available to the general public.
TAKE HOME MESSAGE: Learn not only the rules but also the essence and spirit of the Deen OF ISLAM
End part one of tafseer
MY TAKE:
HOW DOES ONE LEARN THE ESSENCE AND SPIRIT OF DEEN?
To entertain the beauty of the Quran in your heart:
1. Become aware of those acts active or passive that qualify as a disobedience of Allah
2. Once that recognition is made for each act remove it one by one like removing the needles of a cactus from your hand, patiently and with precise determination.
3. Clean out the garbage. By removing and then abstaining from all disobediences of Allah.Once the heart and brain is cleansed of trash (disobediences of Allah) and there is room to bring in the light and beauty of the Quran and Sunnah then:
1. Install an item of obedience of Allah, one by one
2. Repeat each item of obedience of Allah continuously for 40 days (it takes 40 days to install a new habit) and then go on to the next and next.
3. As one practices the obedience of Allah, ask Him to help you (supplication) and watch how the highway of ease towards Him will unfold.
4. Be warned that when a potential candidate for the Fire is being lost to Shaitaan and he is in danger of losing his proof that the Children of Adam are inferior to him then he will resort to anything and everything to distract you from your acts of obedience to Allah.
5. Remember that the distractions come from our Nafs and the whisperings of Shaitaan. They are a strong influence and are usually coupled to things or people we like, and are always waiting in the wings for a moment of weakness.
6. Be vigilant of being led down what may seem like the Garden Path abut is really the Path to the Fire.
7. Strengthen your ilm with acts of affirmation of emaan and ibadah.
8. Seek others who may encourage you in your endeavors.
9. Pray for me that I may also be consistent in absorbing the essence and spirit of our Deen.
From FH tafseer:
EVALUATE YOUR AREAS OF STRENGTH AND USE THAT TO TEACH THE ILM OF DEEN
TWO EXAMPLES USE OF DIFFERENT CHARACTERISTICS TOWARDS THE SAME AIM:
1. KHALID BIN WALEED WAS A STRONG WARRIOR AND DEDICATED HIS SERVICE TO ISLAM IN THE JIHADS HE FOUGHT (He reported only100 HADITH which were passed on into the future)
2. ABU HURAIRA: HE WAS INTELLIGENT AND USED THAT TO SERVE HIS DEEN (REPORTED ALMOST 5000 HADITH)
He asked Rasool Allah to make a dua that \” please ask Allah to improve my memory such that I can use it well to serve my Deen\”
And Rasool Allah said Ameen
He would continuously remain with RasoolAllah as much as possible and would memorize what ever he could and then would write it down, History is forever grateful to him for his indefatigable attention to detail and opening the door of the Sunnah and allowing us a glimpse into the life of Rasool Allah for the generations that followed
End tafseer
HOMEWORK FOR EACH OF US:
Make a map of how we are going to absorb the essence of our Deen and How and to whom will we convey it?
Siraat-e-Mustaqeem 