
Surah Taubah 9:38
يَـأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ مَا لَكُم إِذَا قِيلَ لَكُمُ ٱنفِرُواْ فِى سَبِيلِ ٱللَّهِ ٱثَّاقَلتُم إِلَى ٱلأَرضِ أَرَضِيتُم بِٱلحَيَوةِ ٱلدُّنيَا مِنَ ٱلأَخِرَةِ فَمَا مَتَـعُ ٱلحَيَوةِ ٱلدُّنيَا فِى ٱلخِرَةِ إِلَّا قَلِيلٌ (٣٨
O ye who believe! What aileth you that when it is said unto you: Go forth in the way of Allah, ye are bowed down to the ground with heaviness. Take ye pleasure in the life of the world rather than in the Hereafter? The comfort of the life of the world is but little in the Hereafter. (9:38)
BACKGROUND:
It was ninth Hijri (nine years after Prophet Muhammad peace be upon him (pbuh) migrated from Mecca to Medina) Prophet Muhammad pbuh and the Muslims were just recovering from the victory of Mecca and the Battle of Hunayn when they were informed that the Romans (the super power of those times) were getting ready to attack the Muslims.
In this year the crops were ready to be picked and Tabuk was far away where the Romans had collected an army with supplies enough to last a year. This rattled the Muslim population and what evolved is addressed in this ayah.
TAFSEER by Dr. Farhat Hashmi
In this ayah Allah Subhanawataala commands the believers to leave with Prophet Muhammad to stop the Romans from destroying the muslims.
At this time Prophet Muhammad asked everyone if they would join him in offsetting the Romans and four types of people emerged at his request:
1. Those who immediately came to fight for Islam against the Romans.
2. Those who could not come due to a genuine physical or logistic reason
3. Those who made excuses, because they were so attached to their lifestyle and their material belongings.
4. Those who were lazy and did not feel like it.
This ayah is about the people mentioned in number three and four. FH explains: No matter what status, power or wealth we attain in life, in the end when we die the only thing we leave this earth with is a sheet of white cloth measured to our body length (kafan). If we look at the piece of white cloth (the kafan) in which we will be wrapped at death, that is all we take with us, all other belongings, jewelry, rich clothes, sports cars, designer homes children, family, institutions, companies, businesses, etc are all disengaged from us at death and left behind.
KEEPING AN EYE ON THE ULTIMATE FUTURE
This ayah is a reminder of Akhirah or the Hereafter, which is our final home. This ayah gives us vision into our future, chiding us, and the laggards of those times for our worldly attachments. It reminds us that eventually and maybe not too far into the future we will be going home and standing in front of Him Subhanawataala. This is the essence of our Deen and all behavior is to be modulated keeping this in mind at all times.
OUT OF SIGHT SHOULD NOT BE OUT OF MIND
The Hereafter is invisible to us at this time and thus we forget and start thinking that this (dunya) is the only life we have and that we must hang on to our acquisitions, never leaving them for fear of losing them.
ATTACHMENTS AND DETACHMENT
We make such deep and abiding attachments with objects and people in this dunya that that we are then unable to leave them for even a moment A fear sets into us. A fear of separation from our belongings and attachments. Thus leaving them to go and fight in the path of Allah, and the possibility that these attachments may no longer be there when we return, or that we may die in battle and thus be separated from these attachments of dunya, stymie our steps.
(My suggestion: For further study on attachments and detachment in the path of Allah review the CD set titled “Purification of the Heart” by Sheikh Mokhtar Magroubi, available at www. Zawiyah.net)
MY TAKE ON THIS:
Both ideas have no basis
FEAR OF OBEYING ALLAH AS WE MAY DIE BY DOING SO
As the time of our death is written and Allah Subhanwataala says:
003.145
Nor can a soul die except by Allah’s leave, the term being fixed as by writing. If any do desire a reward in this life, We shall give it to him; and if any do desire a reward in the Hereafter, We shall give it to him. And swiftly shall We reward those that (serve us with) gratitude.
WHO DECIDES IF WE KEEP WHAT WE HAVE OR LOSE IT?
Our attachments material and human may or may not be there on our return from working or fighting in the path of Allah.
There presence or loss is based on what Allah Subhanawataala decides to do with them and their relationship with us because: He has power over all things.
Either way we are submitting to Allah, willingly with His grace, or unwillingly with His displeasure as is reflected in the above ayah.
Tafseer by FH continuing:
Comparing the comfort of this life to the Hereafter is i.e. “but little” perhaps not even a nano second. The believers are being called to help Prophet Muhammad PBUH in a time, which is physically difficult, the journey to Tabuk is long and the enemy is a superpower. In addition it is extremely hot and the numbers of the Muslim army are small compared to the Roman army, and they are tired after the Hunayn and are just starting to regroup after the Victory of Mecca.
THE ESSENCE OF THE KHUTBAH OF TABUK
On reaching the battleground of Tabuk, Prophet Muhammad PBUH gave a Khutbah. Unlike most non Muslim generals who usually incite their soldiers with hate, plunder, pillage and patriotism for a human cause, person or a geographical country, Prophet Muhammad PBUH oriented his soldiers to the higher levels of behavior set in the Quran for the Believer in battle and otherwise.
His (PBUH) Khutba was a succinct reminder to Muslims of the behavioral components of their Deen to be reflected in their actions, both in and out of battle, restraining the passion of the fierce warriors of Arabia to the obedience of Allah and Him Jalayjalalahu alone.
End tafseer
Thus the soldiers were given a formula to correct their mental and physical orientation before they went into battle.
This famous Khutbah stands as a guide for muslims of all generations to remember at all times, harsh and easy and if followed brings sakeena and peace to the heart. (More on that later)